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Adult learners also tend to have more demands on their time than younger students; they may have families and jobs that impact the time they have to devote to their studies. Tools can contribute to the development of deeper understandings of a concept or idea by presenting learners with varied ways of representing the idea (Eisner, 1994; Paivio, 1986; Siegel, 1995). Most school evaluation teams include psychologists and learning specialists. People might be confused or anxious when they encounter information that does not fit their existing schema, and they might struggle to accommodate that new information, but disequilibrium is crucial to learning (Kretchmar, 2019a). Teaching decisions that bring the conditions of learning to life are defined. If we want democracy as we know it to survive, schools must produce a critically literate citizenry. Constructivism posits that individuals create knowledge and meaning through their interactions with the world. I had mixed emotions when Benjamin got the diagnoses.

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Within this broader context, humanism is also characterized by the following tenets (Madsen & Wilson, 2012; Sharp, 2012): - Students are whole people, and learning must attend to their emotional as well as their cognitive state. Education Week, 35(5), 20-24. In the next stage, referred to as relativism, learners begin to understand that there are different lenses for understanding and evaluating information. At its essence, "humanism in education traditionally has referred to a broad, diffuse outlook emphasizing human freedom, dignity, autonomy, and individualism" (Lucas, 1996). Experts have content knowledge that is organized around core mental models and concepts that reflect deep understanding (Mosenthal, 1996; Vitale, Romance, and Dolan, 2006). Maslow, A. H. (1943). Zooming in on my own process of meaning-making in technicolor view certainly put "made for learning" into perspective. Teaching decisions that bring the conditions of learning to life are caused. It has been widely acknowledged in the cognitive sciences for decades that transfer and generalization can be very difficult or nearly impossible when the surface characteristics of the material and context differ between training and transfer problems and when the correspondences are not highlighted or recognized (Forbus, Gentner, and Law, 1995; Gick and Holyoak, 1980; Hayes and Simon, 1977). Opportunities for students to take initiative, make decisions, and be accountable for the results. They accumulate a growing reservoir of experience that becomes an increasingly rich resource for learning. If a concept is understood in only a specific and rigid manner, it will be encoded, accessed, and used in a more restricted way. Think back on learning experiences such as courses or workshops where you felt more or less motivated as a learner.

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I encourage you to talk with your pediatrician to help figure out what is best for your child. Graphic depictions with spoken descriptions are particularly effective for subject matter in science and technology (Mayer, 2009). These effects can be reduced when learners receive feedback immediately after a test (Butler, Karpicke, and Roediger, 2008; Kang, McDermott, and Roediger, 2007; Metcalfe and Kornell, 2007; Roediger and Marsh, 2005) or while performing an action in a procedure (Anderson et al., 1995; Ritter et al., 2007) or completing a task. As previously discussed, training in complex strategies, metacognition, and self-regulated learning may to some extent be accomplished by well-engineered training materials that guide all learners through the same regimen in a scripted fashion. Learning Disabilities & Differences: What Parents Need To Know. The expert learner forms conceptually rich and organized representations of knowledge that resist forgetting, can be retrieved automatically, and can be applied flexibly across tasks and situations. Concentrate less on what you would teach but rather on how you would teach it in keeping with the chosen theory: - How would you introduce the topic? Instructors could ask these children to describe what they see and reflect on their personal experiences with weather, while older children could be asked to imagine how the changes are impacting other people and organisms, anticipate consequences of the impact of climate change, and perhaps use problem solving to propose steps to improve their environment. In addition to working with your child's teachers and doctors, you can help support your child with learning disabilities and difficulties. Nevertheless, we can always find ways to integrate some self-direction. When a new teacher comes on board, that can be cause for apprehension. According to cognitive psychology research, traditional methods of study, including rereading texts and drilling practice, or the repetition of terms and concepts, are not effective for committing information to memory (Brown et al., 2014).

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As Knowles notes, in traditional classrooms, children are usually taught discrete subjects like math, reading, and history, and their learning is focused on building up knowledge for the future. Explicit training, modeling, and guided practice in the use of complex strategies is especially important for those with serious limitations in metacognition (the ability to understand, assess, and act on the adequacy of one's memory, comprehension, learning, planning, problem-solving, and decision processes) and difficulties with regulating their own strategy use. For instance, behaviorists talk in terms of reinforcement, or external motivators, as students strive to avoid negative consequences and achieve the rewards of good work. I wasn't sure about the appointment. As Svinicki explains, "motivation involves a constant balancing of these two factors of value and expectations for success" (2004, p. 146). Increased opportunities for functional communication leverage teacher expertise by opening stronger interpersonal connections. These new programs envision the professional teacher as one who learns from teaching rather than as one who has finished learning how to teach. He was very sensitive to textures and sounds. To facilitate learning and application of new knowledge in a subject domain, strategy instruction should be integrated with subject-matter content. Teaching decisions that bring the conditions of learning to life include. General Learning Theories. Adult learners may have needs and constraints that differ from younger learners. Students alternate work and study, usually spending a number of weeks in study (typically full-time) and a number of weeks in employment away from campus (typically full-time). Therefore, explicit training, modeling, and guided practice are needed before students acquire adequate strategies of comprehension, critical thinking, metacomprehension, self-regulated learning, and discovery learning (Dunlosky and Hertzog, 1998). Whereas Piaget and Perry's theories suggest that learners pass through the same stages at roughly the same time, Vygotsky maintains that the ZPD, or the zone of learning that will appropriately challenge the learner, is different for each student, depending on their background knowledge, experience, and ability (Flair, 2019).

Teaching Decisions That Bring The Conditions Of Learning To Life Include

• Motivation is essential for learning. Learning, theories of. • What Works in Distance Learning Guidelines (O'Neil, 2005). As a baby and toddler, my son Benjamin met or exceeded every developmental milestone on the list. I didn't know what it all meant, but I knew it wasn't the norm. In addition to the science, the authors offer clear examples of how recommended recall and retrieval practices can be integrated into teaching. People with more of a growth mindset, on the other hand, tend to believe that ability is the outcome of hard work and effort. Spaced practice has been shown to be advantageous for adults of a variety of ages (Kausler, Wiley, and Philips, 1990; Kornell et al., 2010; Logan and Balota, 2009).

The Benefit for Students. Constructivist teachers act as guides or coaches, facilitating learning by developing supportive activities and environments, and building on what students already know (Kretchmar, 2019b). Students have an easier time acquiring an initial understanding of a concept presented in a concrete form, but they also need a more abstract symbolic representation to apply that knowledge in a different context. If individuals are not born with natural ability in a certain area, they would waste time working on that area because they will never truly be successful. Learning theories can also be engaging. He postulated that the ways in which people communicate their thoughts and understandings, even when talking themselves through a concept or problem, are a crucial element of learning (Kretchmar, 2019b). Pediatricians can evaluate developmental delays and other. If in doubt, talk with your child's doctor. That said, more research is needed on the type of qualitative feedback that is optimal for different types of material and different types of learners (Shute, 2008). Roth, A. Pierre Bourdieu.

Definitely one of my top five favorite books! What Was the Ending of Mad Honey? There's a mother's guilt that her child had to witness domestic abuse. Is Asher more like his mother or father? By the end, she came off to me like a boring person at a cocktail party who just wants to talk about one thing (bees, bees, and more bees. Professor Jennifer Finney Boylan has written more than a dozen books, including the bestselling memoir entitled She's Not There: A Life in Two Genders. Who Killed Lily in Mad Honey? Readers will see Picoult's painstaking attention to detail in the chapters from Olivia's point of view. It's difficult to write a full review of this novel because you can't mention the main points without spoiling the plot. You may not have lived their stories but there's still so much to identify with. Mad Honey by Jodi Picoult and Jennifer Finney Boylan is a heart wrenching and eye-opening novel about young love, death, gender, and of course, beekeeping. JFB: The main thing I'll say about the Audible book, one, how grateful we are that it's happening. There will be spoilers so for more context about the story, check out my spoiler-free review first. I have tried hard to keep the spirit of the original comment while still keeping it ad-friendly.

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They are domestic violence (graphic), LGBTQIA+ violence (graphic), bullying (graphic), attempted suicide (off page), and child abuse (graphic). What role did the bees play in Mad Honey? CH: Well, that's a great segue into my next question, which is, can you talk about how you decided to work together and how you did work together? I couldn't stop turning the pages to find out. When I first got this book, it was back in mid-2022. I received a free ARC from NetGalley in exchange for an honest review. There are records from ancient Persia and ancient Greece where mad honey was left in the path of approaching soldiers, intentionally, so that they would ingest it, get really sick, and be easily routed by the soldiers that had left it there for them. Diana O'Toole is perfectly on track. Mad honey is a very specific kind of honey that comes mostly from the Nepal region. So the mom has to wonder, as evidence mounts against the son, does she trust her son? JFB: You're Honey, baby. After escaping an abusive marriage to a high-profile physician back in Boston, Olivia brought her son, Asher, back to her hometown of Adams, New Hampshire. Olivia knows he's a typical teen, but she can't help feeling nostalgic for her little boy.

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And I'm going to tell you why. It is a must read that left me forever changed. There was so much art to the story - the different points of view, the way Lily's sections descended and Olivia's ascended, the fact that it was written by two different authors and included working mothers taking on unexpected male dominated roles. Asher starts to tell Jordan that he did know Lily was trans before her murder. There are triggers in Mad Honey. "Choice, " it's a speculative short story based on the idea of what would happen if men could get pregnant. And to have it be about a child, not a romantic partner. In other words, they read like real people. Lily is revealed as being a transgender woman, which contributes to the controversy surrounding her death.

Who Killed Lily In Mad Honey

I devoured this book. "Mad Honey by Jodi Picoult and Jennifer Finney Boylan. What does it represent to the story as a whole? Then comes the biggest revelation of all: Lily was transgender. And it was really important to me that Olivia come from a background of abuse. Both teens have troubled relationships with their fathers, and the authors painstakingly explore the impact of physically and emotionally abusive men on their families. I found the beekeeping information woven into all of Olivia's chapters to be quite fascinating! Lily is smart and curious, and Asher is clearly in love.

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She said, "Try it this way. So, it really was a dream come true, which just goes to show that that cliché occasionally turns out to be reality. Is it possible that he found out about Lily and reacted to the extreme? Jodi Picoult is the author of 25 novels, at least a dozen of which have debuted at number one on the New York Times bestseller list, and five of them, so far, have been made into movies. And which of the Olivia chapters is mine? After a question about why Lily's autopsy didn't mention her female reproductive organs, the coroner drops a bombshell: Lily was a trans woman.

Then, in the last few pages, Maya confesses that she did it. I mean, I'm really proud of the books that I narrated, but I really hope to never do it again. Jodi Picoult does not shy away from covering relevant and to some, controversial topics. And I remember thinking there just is not enough time in the world for this. It's a tough but really important read. Her mother essentially scoops her up when she's a child at one point to protect her from the father. Candidate Statements.