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His sister, Agnes, came to the their assistance when the printer refused to release the book he was holding – the first printing of Alcoholics Anonymous. The housewife who drank at home. Where is that line from" – Casablanca, said to Ingrid Bergman by Humphrey Bogart. Biography: "Our Southern Friend". BBp149 "Today I own a little company.

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I get in bed and turn out the light. She maintains a perfect calm. The keys of the kingdom. 2000 - More than 47, 000 from 87 countries attended the opening meeting of the 65th AA Anniversary in Minneapolis, MN. AA #3) entered Akron's City Hospital for his last detox and his first day of sobriety. Pioneers of AA | Big Book Audio | Alcoholics Anonymous. I hunt for my nickel to drop in the plate so that mine will be seen. BBp163 "the chief psychiatrist of a large public hospital" Dr. Russel E. Blaisdell, Rockland State Hospital near Orangeburg, New York. I know enough of the answers to get by. He can certainly be depended on.

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Well known for his colourful clothing and forthright opinions, he was the equivalent of Tiger Woods when Bill W was writing. 1982 - Nell Wing retires from GSO after 35 years of service. I gulped it down and choked. " In his first AA meeting. Its most famous passage is Fitz's revelatory thought "Who are you to say there is no God? " This was the "multilith" Big Book. June 7: 1939 - Bill and Lois Wilson had an argument, the first of two times Bill almost slipped. LL32-33: "... Dr. Harry Tiebout, the psychiatrist who probably knew more about alcoholism than any other in the world. 1945: First A. meeting held in Springfield, Missouri. Freedom From Bondage - Wynn Laws. October 24: 1942 - L. Aa big book our southern friend series. Times reports AA groups in 14 California cities. March 16: 1940: Bill moved the Alcoholic Foundation office to 30 Vesey St., NY. I want to sell the place and move away. 1941 - First Wisconsin AA meeting was held in a Milwaukee hotel.

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June 30: 1941 - Ruth Hock showed Bill Wilson the Serenity Prayer and it was adopted readily by AA. 1979 - Dr. Ernest Kurtz publishes NOT-GOD, History of AA. June 28: 1935 - Dr. Bob and Bill Wilson visited Bill Dotson at Akron's City Hospital. Which group was this requirement for membership inherited from? 1951 - Al-Anon was founded by Lois Wilson and Anne B. Aa big book price. June 1: 1949 - Anne Smith, Dr. Bob's wife, died.

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Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation. Tiebout was the therapist of a number of AAs, including one of our founders. The Seventh Month Slip - Ernie Galbraith (Akron, OH. She worked with Dr. Bob in treating many early AA members at St. Thomas Hospital in Akron. Then I find myself thinking about myself, and a few things that I had wanted to forget. A fanatic, I thought to myself, but I was polite. The family seems to think of nothing but spending. Our southern friend aa pdf. 1984: "Pass It On, " the story of Bill W. and how the A. message reached the world, was published.

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She helped to start (with Jack P. ) more than 80 meetings in hospitals, jails, and prisons in southern California. I pour out half a tumbler of grain alcohol and fill it with ginger ale. I look for liquor and can't find any. Cross-reference to surrender: "Women Suffer Too, " p. 205. July 24: 1943 - L. press reports formation of all-Mexican AA Group. My pen moves rapidly. This added to his sense of inferiority. A nun at the farm is reported to have introduced Bill W. to a prayer he subsequently used in the 12&12.

The expression was later dropped, since it was realized that we remain alcoholic even after we stop drinking. High Watch Recovery Center, in Kent, Connecticut, inspired by Bill W. and founded in 1940 as the world's first 12-Step treatment center. 1948 - Atlantic City Group celebrated its second anniversary with Dr. C. Nelson Davis of St. Luke's Hospital, Philadelphia, and other A. s speaking. His writing is reminiscent of the interior monologue or stream of consciousness style AA Number 2 in NYC used in his story. But I do not wait for the charred keg to work. He invites me to meet them. What was this saying?

The seventeen who now tell their experiences answer that question. Seeing this danger, they came to A. At the time the Big Book was written Jung was probably the most famous psychiatrist in the world. Because alcoholism is a threefold disease, not only physical, but mental and spiritual as well (Chapter 5: How It Works, p. 64, LL26-27). Bob P. of Connecticut, who joined AA in 1961 in NYC. What is the principle behind this suggestion? She does not get excited. BBp1 "Plattsburg" There is a Plattsburg Army Barracks in upstate New York.

And there a tremendous hope is born. "I know it, " I reply. A sally of anger; or a clever, witty, or fanciful remark. August1: 1946 - Washington Times-Herald (DC) reports on AA clubhouse, to protect members anonymity, withholds. I cannot understand. 1948 - The AA Grapevine reported $2. She had looked for me last evening after I left the car and wandered off into the night. I have forgotten about a drink. August 8: 1879 - Dr Bob S. is born in St Johnsbury, Vermont. I have left my wife at home, sick, and I have been unkind to her in leaving.

Then I shall lock myself in and read. 1998 - Sybil C., first woman to enter A. west of the Mississippi, died. Why did he give her the book? Central Office was opened. To listen to one, please click on its link.

Venus Express VIRTIS and Galileo NIMS infrared images of Venus's surface suggest that tesserae may be composed of felsic rock (e. g., perhaps comparable to granites on Earth), a finding that would be consistent with the production of hydrous (and perhaps sodium- and/or potassium-rich) magmas in Venus's early history. Can someone please tell me what it mean by, "clear a path through venus to mercury". For flapping, one would expect then that for n y >0 there is an alternately positive and negative value for n z. Constrain Ancient Climates on Venus and Search for Clues into Early Terrestrial Planet Environments So As to Understand the Initial Conditions and Long-Term Fate of Earth's Climate. Venus is not Earth’s closest neighbor. SRM and YF provided the Venus Express ASPERA-4 data.

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Space Sci., 56, 790–795,, 2008a. There has been significant progress in understanding impact processes and the delivery of volatiles and in finding potential mechanisms for impact "swarms" like the putative late heavy bombardment (e. g., the "Nice model" of orbital evolution in the outer solar system). The committee points to three missions as being particularly important.

6, 7 The dynamic nature of Mercury's interior has been supported by MESSENGER flyby on the internal origin of the planet's magnetic field 8 and its discovery of extensive volcanic deposits. Identification and measurement of neutron-absorbing elements on Mercury's surface, Icarus 209(1):195-209. Out of the two Venus flybys that BepiColombo uses as a gravity assist manoeuvre to finally arrive at Mercury, the first took place on 15 October 2020. Clear a path through venus to access mercury. Since she joined JPL in 1973 she specialized in trajectory optimizations and designed many missions entailing complex gravity assists, electric propulsion or solar sail.

For completeness, the simulation has also included the following CME observed by SOHO–LASCO that was ejected on 13 October 2020 at 21:12 UT, with a close direction to Venus as well. Balloon technologies for Venus may find application at Titan. Surface mapping of Venus at higher resolution is needed. The mission's high priority stems from its role in addressing multiple objectives outlined in this report, including understanding the interior of the Moon and the impact history of the solar system. Saal, E. Hauri, M. Cascio, J. A significant reduction in the threshold planetary size for detection has been achieved. • Observing facilities—Earth- and space-based telescopes remain highly valuable tools for the study of inner solar system bodies, often providing data to enable and/or complement spacecraft observations. Despite their differences, common physical processes guided the formation and evolution of all these bodies. Clear a path through venus to access mercury rev. Such missions may include orbital, landed, or mobile platforms that provide significant science return in addressing one or more of the fundamental science questions laid out earlier in this chapter. Stuck on Mars junction. The resulting Venus Flagship Design Reference Mission (VFDRM) 32 addresses three overarching science goals: 1. D. T. Blewett, M. Robinson, B. W. Denevi, J. J. Gillis-Davis, J.

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Proceedings Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 10:2899. Venus's atmosphere has a large deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio compared to that of Earth and other solar system bodies, and this ratio has been taken to indicate a significant loss of hydrogen (with mass fractionation) from Venus's atmosphere to space. Recently, however, three newly launched missions have performed flybys using Venus as a gravitational assist to get into the correct orbit towards the inner solar system. • What are the inventories and distributions of volatile elements and compounds (species abundances and isotopic compositions) in the mantles and crusts of the inner planets? First of all, the flapping amplitude is about twice as large for VEX. Clear a path through venus to access mercury.com. Do other mechanisms of loss or physics become important in periods of high solar activity? This behaviour could be considered magnetotail flapping; however, this was not yet a named phenomenon. We note that the BERM flux-level reduction that can be attributed to the solid-angle effect is much shorter than the actual nearly constant reduction found. Fundamental objectives on the path to understanding the processes that control climate on Earth-like planets include the following: • Determine how solar energy drives atmospheric circulation, cloud formation, and chemical cycles that define the current climate on terrestrial planets; • Characterize the record of and mechanisms for climate evolution on Venus, with the goal of understanding climate change on terrestrial planets, including anthropogenic forcings on Earth; and.

Progress has been made over the past decade in understanding the changes and evolution of terrestrial planet climates. Astronomical observations of star-forming regions and of supernovae provide important constraints on the origins of solar systems (and potential early processes), the effects of supernovae, and the nature and potential effects of interstellar dust clouds. These authors stated that, different from the Earth's magnetotail, where the source of flapping is expected at the centre (Sergeev et al., 2003; Davey et al., 2012), the source of the flapping in Venus's tail is located near the boundaries between the magnetotail current sheet and magnetosheath. MESSENGER observations of Mercury's surface suggest that pyroclastic deposits may be as young as 1 billion years old and that Mercury's interior contained sufficient volatiles to drive those eruptions. The LCROSS impact experiment detected abundant volatiles at one shadowed polar region. Space Sci., 58, 166 –181,, 2010. a. ANGEO - Venus's induced magnetosphere during active solar wind conditions at BepiColombo's Venus 1 flyby. Orsini, S., Livia, S., Lichtenegger, H., Barabasha, S., Milillo, A., De Angelis, E., Phillips, M., Laky, G., Wieser, M., Olivieri, A., Plainaki, C., Ho, G., Killen, R., Slavin, J., Wurz, P., Berthelier, J. Between the purple and green boxes a magnetic field rotation takes place from θ c≈90 to. This objective focuses on the availability of accessible energy and nutrients (chemicals and compounds) and on the establishment and maintenance of clement, stable environments in which life could have arisen and flourished. Dark ring in southwestern Orientale Basin: Origin as a single pyroclastic eruption. SUSANOO is a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solar wind model of the inner heliosphere between 25 and 425 solar radii using a yin–yang grid, where the velocity, density, and temperature are obtained from empirical models of the solar wind (Odstrčil and Pizzo, 1999 a, b). How are Earth and its sister terrestrial planets unique in the solar system, and how common are Earth-like planets around other stars?

In a pre-flyby study, McKenna-Lawlor et al. In the MEA data this region shows a much broader distribution of electron energies between 3 and 40 eV. Recent flybys of Mercury by MESSENGER have confirmed the dipole field measured by Mariner 10. Interestingly, Kajdič et al. Also crucial will be developing an inventory and isotopic composition of lunar polar volatile deposits to understand their emplacement and origin, modeling conditions and processes occurring in permanently shadowed areas of the Moon and Mercury, and the continued observation of Mercury's volatile deposits to understand their origin. Anyone know what I can do fix this?

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• How did nebular and accretionary processes affect the bulk compositions of the inner planets? At the end of the green box, the spacecraft seems to move near the neutral sheet, with B m<3 nT, followed by strong oscillations in B x and B m. The MEA data show two electron populations, one at 3–10 eV and one at 30–80 eV. Chen-wan Yen is a graduate of MIT in Nuclear Physics. The detailed study of Mars 2 over the past 15 years has greatly increased our understanding of its history, which in turn has allowed us to formulate specific questions to constrain terrestrial planet origin, evolution, and habitability. In the dayside and upstream regions of the induced magnetosphere, various kinds of plasma waves are typically detected. 10 and discussed by Rong et al. Lunar activity from recent gas release. The Lunar Exploration Analysis Group has developed a comprehensive series of goals and objectives for the exploration of the Moon involving both robotic and human missions.

4 Magnetotail flapping. • How are planetary magnetic fields initiated and maintained? Important questions are still open with respect to e. the length of the tail and bow shock/wave along it: where does it "merge" with the ambient solar wind? P. Schultz and P. Spudis. As BepiColombo continues its path down and across the tail, it will eventually encounter the bow shock/wave again. Important contributions can be made by a lunar geophysical network (LGN) to the goals for the study of the inner planets. Res., 83, 3721–3728, 1978. a. Volwerk, M., Zhang, T. L., Delva, M., Vörös, Z., Baumjohann, W., and Glassmeier, K. : First identification of mirror mode waves in Venus' magnetosheath?, Geophys. Since this flyby was the first opportunity to have scientific planetary observations after the instrumental tests performed during the Earth flyby on 10 April 2020, several science instruments were turned on for this planetary encounter. The HI is a wide-angle visible-light imaging system for the detection of coronal mass ejection (CME) events in interplanetary space covering the region of the heliosphere from 4 to 88 ∘ elongation measured from the Sun's centre (Howard et al., 2008; Eyles et al., 2009).

Connections with Human Exploration. 72 AU) comes out to 0. Samuel Cordner is a mechanical engineer at NASA. As best we can tell, no one has come up with a concept like PCM to compare orbits. Understanding how the evolution of the terrestrial planets enables and limits the origin and evolution of life is closely aligned with other NASA efforts, including astrobiology and Mars exploration. Determine how active Venus is (including the interior, surface, and atmosphere); and. A key tenet is that detailed exploration and intercomparisons of the inner planets contribute significantly to understanding the factors that affect Earth's climate—past, present, and future. At a bit further distance, BepiColombo encountered the neutral sheet. • What are the proportions of impactors of different chemical compositions (including volatile contents) as functions of time and place in the solar system? This specific DONKI run also lists a direction right on the western limb (with respect to Earth).

The extrema between the crossings of interest are labelled with numbers. In this sense, Forbush decreases are good indicators of CME arrivals. Thus, it is crucial to explore the inner solar system in great detail in order to understand the constraints on and possible timing of habitable conditions. For the Pioneer Venus orbits the central current sheet was almost in the X – Z plane, whereas for BepiColombo the central current sheet is almost in the X – Y plane. Reflectance spectra from Earth and initial observations from the MESSENGER spacecraft are ambiguous with regard to the composition of Mercury's crust. There are a few significant increases in the count rate, marked by grey and blue transparent boxes in Fig. Similarly, increased understanding of potential past liquid-water environments on Venus and Mars may result in greater insight into the evolution of habitable environments and early development of life. HELCATS (Harrison et al., 2018) catalogues the derivation of CME kinematic properties (direction, speed, and launch time) from geometric fitting techniques applied to the HI observations, described in Davies et al. Although it feels intuitive that the average distance between every point on two concentric ellipses would be the difference in their radii, in reality that difference determines only the average distance of the ellipses' closest points. 2 Comparison to a Venus Express magnetotail flapping event and interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) interaction. Based on observations obtained with BepiColombo, a joint ESA–JAXA science mission with instruments and contributions was directly funded by ESA member states and JAXA. Despite the dearth of spacecraft missions to explore the inner planets in the past decade, there have been several important discoveries about internal processes.
The committee places very high priority on the return of at least 1 kg of rock fragments from the South Pole-Aitken Basin region, selected to maximize the likelihood of achieving the above objectives. Results from Venus Express show that Venus's atmosphere is highly dynamic, with abundant lightning, unexpected atmospheric waves, and auroras and nightglows that respond to high-altitude global winds. The first flythrough of Venus's magnetotail was done by Mariner 10 on 5 February 1974 (Lepping and Behannon, 1978), from as far downstream as ∼100 R V. In October 1975 the Venera 9 and 10 were injected into their very elongated orbits, with a pericentre at ∼1500 km and an apocentre at ∼110 000 km and an inclination of 30∘ (Verigin et al., 1978; Eroshenko, 1979). JM and IR calibrated the MPO-MAG data. An understanding of atmospheric and climatic processes on Venus, Mars, and Titan may provide hints about the early evolution of the atmosphere on Earth and clues to future climate. 3 Mariner 10, Galileo, and Pioneer Venus. Robust technology development efforts are required to bring mission-enabling technologies to technology readiness level (TRL) 6. 1 in the Venus solar orbital (VSO) coordinate system.